Please note that this series includes descriptions of violence that may be difficult to hear.
Welcome to the first episode of Let’s End Domestic Violence: Heal, Restore, Prevent. Our host, Bonnie Boswell, speaks with Sonya Young Aadam, CEO of California Black Women’s Health Project and Vanessa Perez, Executive Director of Time for Change Foundation.
In this episode, we discuss what domestic violence prevention is, why a multigenerational approach to ending domestic violence matters, and the work that is being done to implement programs that prioritize long-term prevention.
If your work touches on programs or policy, you can:
- Seek out domestic violence prevention organizations in your community that are led by and serving people of color. Work together to develop, invest in, and implement domestic violence prevention policies.
- Consider prevention in domestic violence funding. Allocate funding to prevention programs. Leverage federal, state, and local governments resources to fund direct greater resources to community-driven, equity-focused programs.
- Center survivors in program decisions. Listen to what survivors are saying about how the systems they interact with — from education to criminal justice to employment — serve them. Look for ways to improve those systems to become more effective, trauma-informed and equitable and allow their perspectives to inform your policy and funding priorities.
Here are some actions you can take to help prevent domestic violence:
- Support these organizations. Support can include funding and financial support, partnerships with policy makers and community leaders, and raising their visibility on social media, attending their events, and inviting them to participate in your events.
• California Black Women's Health Project
• Time for Change Foundation
• Reimagine Lab
• The Breaking the Cycle Cohort
• California Partnership to End Domestic Violence
• Futures Without Violence
• ValorUS
• Parenting for Liberation
• East LA Women’s Center
- End the silence around domestic violence. Whether it’s starting a conversation with your own family around the kitchen table or on social media, the more that we all bring the issue of domestic violence into the light, the better we can address it.
- Learn about holistic approaches. Visit these organizations to learn more about the work that is happening to encourage governments and other systems to work more holistically and effectively.
Bonnie Boswell
Bonnie Boswell is an award-winning producer/reporter, talk show host and speaker. Ms. Boswell is currently the executive producer/reporter of Bonnie Boswell Reports, a feature news series, and Bonnie Boswell Presents, a news magazine program, broadcasting and streaming on KCET/PBS SoCal.
Ms. Boswell is the executive producer of “Saving Moms” a feature length documentary on the challenges and solutions to maternal health in America broadcast. The program premiered on KCET and is on the PBS app.
She is also the executive producer of The Powerbroker: Whitney Young’s Fight for Civil Rights,” a film about her uncle that aired on PBS and was the inspiration for community dialogues in 100 venues across the country. First Lady Michelle Obama presented the film at the White House and called it “very moving and powerful.” The Powerbroker received critical acclaim from film festivals and reviewers in The New York Times, The Daily Beast, The Chicago Tribune, The Chicago Sun Times and The San Francisco Chronicle, among others, and was a CNN, Saatchi and Saatchi and HBO finalist for Best Documentary.
Sonya Young Aadam
“Lifting as we climb” is a guiding value that drives Sonya Young Aadam’s deep passion for the overall health and uplift of Black women and families. In October 2014, Sonya joined the California Black Women’s Health Project as Chief Executive Officer, committing herself to its mission, vision, and values. She is a University of Pennsylvania – Wharton School of Business graduate who has more than 20 years of comprehensive experience in strategic planning, financial analysis, and management with corporations like Barclays Bank, The Walt Disney Company, and Viacom/MTV Networks. Sonya is a strategist, trained facilitator, community program developer/manager, and trusted leader currently serving on multiple statewide, regional, and local advisory groups, task forces, steering committees, and coalitions focused on health equity, social and gender justice. In 2023, the NAACP Image Awards honored Sonya as an “Unsung Hero” because of her work leading California Black Women’s Health Project’s pursuit of health equity for the states’ 1.2 million Black women and girls. Sonya is a women of deep faith, and a wife and mother, who enjoys karoake and internation travel.
Vanessa Perez
Vanessa Perez is the Co-Founder and CEO of the Black and Brown Opportunities for Profit (BBOP) Center, a division of Time for Change Foundation (TFCF). She also serves as TFCF’s Executive Director. Vanessa began her journey with the organization as an intern in 2012. After years under the leadership of Founder Kim Carter, she was developed into a leader, and stepped into the role of the organization’s Executive Director in 2018. Vanessa has obtained a Master’s in Business Administration from California Baptist University and bachelor’s degree in Mass Communications from California State University San Bernardino. Through her work at Time for Change Foundation and the BBOP Center, Vanessa is living out her passion of empowering women to take the lead in their lives, their families, their workplaces, and in their communities. Vanessa has been a recipient of many awards including the National Latina Business Women Association Inland Empire “Latina Executive of the Year Award”, Nonprofit Professional of the Year from NonProfit Pro, the 40th Assembly District Women of Distinction Award, Assemblymember Eloise Reyes District 47’s “30 under 30” Leadership Award, Molina Healthcare’s Community Champion Award, and the Inspiration Leader Award – Center for Nonprofit Management.
[00:00:05] Blue Shield of California Foundation
At Blue Shield of California Foundation, we work to end domestic violence by addressing its root causes: racism, gender and economic inequity. This special podcast series explores what we can do in California to heal from and prevent domestic violence. If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, you can find support at the thehotline.org or call one 800-799-7233. Thank you for joining us.
[00:00:45] Bonnie Boswell
Welcome to Let's End Domestic Violence: Heal, Restore, Prevent. I'm journalist Bonnie Boswell. I'll be speaking with today's leading domestic violence prevention experts about how we can break the cycle and end domestic violence in California. Today on our first episode, Breaking the Cycle, I'll be speaking with Sonya Young Aadam, the CEO of the California Black Women's Health Project, and Vanessa Perez, executive director of Time for Change Foundation.
[00:01:39] Bonnie Boswell
Thank you, ladies, for being a part of this important conversation. So I want to really start with asking you both, how did you happen to get into this space and do this work? What is your nexus with that? So maybe Vanessa, we'll start with you.
[00:01:54] Vanessa Perez
Hi, great. I grew up in the city of San Bernardino in a low income home, very impoverished and actually experienced domestic violence myself growing up. And so my whole idea was I always wanted to get out of San Bernardino. I happened to come across a flyer for an internship at Time for Change. So I decided to apply and I got accepted to the internship. I fell in love with the work that we did and now I am the executive director. So it started 11 years ago, just as an intern, and here we are today.
[00:02:42] Bonnie Boswell
Very good. Thank you so much. What about you, Sonya? How did you get to this?
[00:02:46] Sonya Young Aadam
Well, similarly to Vanessa, I came into this work because of my own experiences as a childhood survivor of domestic and family violence and community violence. And I also have two brothers who having experienced it, you know, among the three of us and our, you know, in our years growing up, I often used to contemplate, there was always support that seemed to be there for me, but there was very little support and care for them. I'm the person in the family who always says, okay, let's address the elephant in the room. Now that we're all 50 plus, we discuss it frequently at different settings because of how it impacted our own lives as well as what we see across our community and in our family, you know, continuously. We know that this is a situation that is prevalent and it's important for us to, kind of be conscious of how do we, talk to our own children about it? How do we continue to raise our own voices around it? And so I came into this work really from that experience.
[00:04:51] Bonnie Boswell
So we want to really start off also talking about what is domestic violence, because the more I thought about it, the more different explanations I had for it. And I wanted to know from you as a professional, how do you define it or do you have borders? So, Vanessa, let's start with you on that.
[00:05:08] Vanessa Perez
Domestic violence can also be referred to as intimate partner violence. It can be defined as, you know, a pattern in any behavior, in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power over an intimate partner. It involves not only intimate relationships, it could be familial experiences as well. So any abuse that is physical, sexual, emotional, it can even be psychological or economical, actions, threats, anything to influence another person. So essentially, you know, domestic violence is any form of abuse that can cause harm to another person, whether it be an intimate partner relationship or even amongst family members.
[00:05:53] Sonya Young Aadam
You know what? I won't even add anything to that because I think that it's well said, certainly, Vanessa, but I also think that we work so hard to define it, and yet there's so many complexities to it. Even the way she described it, you can thread that further and further, you know, from sort of each sentence that she said. So I think we stay there, and we just continue to be sure that we're looking at violence as abuse.
[00:06:20] Bonnie Boswell
Exactly. Yes. I've been thinking about it a lot myself since looking at this topic, and I was thinking about the verbal abuses that happen that are "subtle" but not so subtle, right. And the messaging we get, just as women, I would say in one sense, but also the men get too a corollary of that. So there's this, you know, all these different variables that really affect how we think about ourselves, number one, and think about other people.
[00:06:44] Sonya Young Aadam
One thing, Bonnie, I guess I would probably add because we talk about sort of the abuse and the power, but I think maybe we don't talk about the fear. So there's the, you know, the presence of fear and anxiety, and the stress that any time you're in a relationship and there is the level of fear and stress and anxiety, insecurity, you know, that is brought on by your presence with someone else, I think that that's a form of violence, a form of domestic violence.
[00:07:16] Bonnie Boswell
Yes, I hear you on that. And, you know, again, this intergenerational approach that people are beginning to take now and having more of and both of you have had that personal experience and what that means and how you actually are able to address it within a family is very, I don't even know, I'm just trying to think about how one even begins that process because I think probably there's a lot of self-editing if you're in a family where there's abusive things happening. You may not want to rock the boat. I mean, how often does that come up in terms of the intergenerational conversation about how does one feel safe to talk about it?
[00:07:51] Sonya Young Aadam
In a family environment, or even in an intimate partner environment, scenario you're looking at this historical and contemporary conditions that are impacting, you know, what is happening in our relationships. And I'm going to speak more specifically — inBlack communities across the nation in California, and I sometimes say particularly urban Black communities, where you see historical long term disparities across so many issues. I mean, everything, it's like you can just sort of stack them high and the challenges and the experiences of violence, personal violence, in our communities is connected. It's intersected with sort of all of the other challenges and the economic challenges, housing challenges, experiences with you know law enforcement. And it comes back to being very deeply rooted in, you know, systemic and structural racism. It's almost like you can't separate it from that. Dr. Andrea Welsing, who heads up the Office of Violence Prevention in Los Angeles County, gave a presentation, and this is almost ten years ago, and it was the first time that I had ever heard someone say that violence is a public health crisis. And in some ways I felt that the public health department was more talking about community violence and that we see sort of street violence, gun violence, et cetera. But in listening to her over the years, you know, I know that, it also very much includes domestic, family violence. And in our Black communities, the intersection of those three is rooted in the history of our presence in this country. Four hundred years of coming here and violence, having years of experience being enslaved people and experiencing that level of violence, and then post slavery and those conditions that contribute to pain and angst in a society, and pressures and stressors that cause, um, you know, sort of a blow up to our hearts and our minds and our souls. Being in a situation of pressure obviously tends to result in something that's explosive. And so I look historically at the things that have brought us to this place. And then I look currently at what could change, it isn't just policy and interventions related to violence itself — it's a need for a full myriad of changes and interventions and investment and care of communities. And I experienced violence, you know, as a child in my family. And I watched that happen across our generations. So I saw it, you know, in my parents and I saw it even with my grandparents. And I saw it with women as the perpetrators, I saw it with the men in my family as a perpetrators. I saw the violence happening across siblings and between cousins, I mean I saw it in so many facets that for me, it began to make me really realize that there are these intersections that happen. You really can't distinguish them and separate them as easily as you might be able to in maybe more traditional society. So I think intergenerational approaches are absolutely necessary, particularly in a Black community, because you can't separate, you know, that violence that is occurring across the lifespan
[00:11:34] Bonnie Boswell
Of course. Vanessa, what about you, this idea of an intergenerational approach, and as a health equity issue as well as a public health issue? Could you speak to that?
[00:11:43] Vanessa Perez
Definitely. So when you look at people of color and Black and brown communities, we are taught from our mothers who are taught from our grandmothers, right and so forth, that what happens in our home stays in our home, and it's nobody's business and we can't talk about it. And so our grandmothers are telling our mothers that this is our family, these are our husbands or whomever, and you got to stay with them and you got to be in it, right. And you don't tell anybody your business. So providing a safe space outside of the home where women can feel like they can come and really talk about it without being in fear of their life. Right. Without fear of retaliation or further abuse, not only for them, but for their children. I can say as a child growing up in that, I was very little and my siblings, that we all experienced it different. We all, it affected us all differently. Whereas, you know, I can speak for myself, it put a lot of fear into me. And I can remember my mother saying, "just be quiet, don't say anything." Because her idea was that if I was quiet, then he wouldn't target me. And so I think just being able to provide a safe space for women to be able to come out and I think hear from other women of color, like we have to come together and we have to break this idea that we're supposed to be silent and we're not supposed to say anything about it at all because we've all experienced it, so this is normal. This is just the way that men are or, you know, whatever it is that they've said. Right? And so when we can break that idea of thinking that this is normal and this happens to all of us, and so we just keep our business to ourselves, then we can break that cycle happening in our children. And I know right now in this day, we're seeing a lot more children experiencing mental health, depression, suicide and so the way that domestic violence may have affected my generation is going to be different on the generation after me. And I think it's great that, in this day, we have become more comfortable and more open about addressing domestic violence and addressing violence in general and abuse as a whole. Just hearing from the experiences from the women that we serve and even from myself, we're also taught that therapy is not needed for us, right? You don't need to go to counseling or therapy because if you do, then that means you're, you know, you have severe mental health. And that's really not the case. Therapy and counseling is therapeutic. It's healthy, it's helpful in overcoming and in healing. But in communities of color, we don't experience it that way. If you have to go to counseling, that means you have issues. And so for us to share that and say, you know what, counseling is okay, counseling is great, and then pass that along from the mothers to the children, because we plug not only the moms into theory, but the children as well, where they're getting therapy separately, but then also together as a family. Because another thing that families don't do is they don't talk about their issues. And in my family growing up, if there was a fight or if there was an incident, it would happen and the next day no one talked about it. It was swept under the rug and we just moved on. And so here you have trauma being built up and built up, so when you become an adult, you don't know how to deal with confrontation, you don't know how to speak up for yourself, you don't know how to really lead your own life because you're still triggered by the trauma from your past.
[00:15:19] Bonnie Boswell
I'd like to get specific because all this is incredibly important. How do you, in both of your different lines of work, how do you help a family be able or say, for example, let's say a woman in this case, you know, have the feeling of safety and how do you bring the other families into that process? Who starts that process? When does that happen? What does that look like to actually create that safe space? Sonya, why don't we start with you around that?
[00:15:44] Sonya Young Aadam
Sure. At California Black Women's Health Project, our work is rooted in a sister circle model of engagement. Sister circles are an evidence-based practice, and we use it as a community-defined practice of bringing Black women together, and we say to talk, to deal, to heal, to share, to care, to really address the things that are happening or have happened in our lives that contribute to trauma, and particularly where personal violence is concerned, we are able to open up spaces, you know, for safe spaces, for our sisters to come together and to address these issues and to address them not only from an experiential place, but from an advocacy perspective, from a place of looking at how do I work as an activist and an advocate to support prevention of these types of experiences in our community. And what we were able to do, because I participated in a fellows program called the Reimagine Lab, where I was able to work with several other individuals to begin looking at new and innovative ways to address this violence in our community. And I always, I told you, as I think about my brothers and how there was very little there to support them as we were growing up, I really began to think about in the Black community, we cannot address domestic violence from a women-only perspective in our community, that violence is so complex and data shows that Black women disproportionately experience intimate partner violence, but it also shows that Black men disproportionately experience intimate partner violence. And so I was able to work with a group of other fellows and to really dig deep and to contemplate what would it look like to begin to look at an innovative approach? And that innovative approach really began to center the experiences of Black men and boys in intimate partner violence. And to say, as a women's organization, Black women's organization, we can't do this without our men. We are so intricately connected in these experiences that the only way we're going to begin to address them is to do it together. So we created a program, and we have created brother circles, similar to our sister circles, which men had been asking us for decades, "what about the brothers? When are we going to have a circle?" And it has shown to be very similar in watching Black men, and we only watch as observers, and we have watched men in these similar circles where they come together to talk, to deal, to heal, to share and to care, around the violence experiences in their lives. And I have seen amazing transformations, and it has resulted in men now going out and the boys, the young boys, have gone through these circles, going out and then beginning to have open conversations with their family, with their friends, with their spheres of influence. And that really is showing us that we're going to change the narrative on this, the training of Black men and boys to be advocates and activists around violence prevention, in my view, is innovative. It is even revolutionary. And it is showing that Black men and boys are lifting up their voices. We see it because what we do is we invest in spaces and places where Black men and boys are already coming together. So that could be sports, that could be fraternities, barbers. We work with cowboys, any place or space where Black men are already actively involved. And so overlaying violence prevention and having real, honest, heartfelt conversations about their own experiences, which really 90% of them say they have never discussed this.
[00:20:00] Bonnie Boswell
So yes. So let's, you know, how do we move forward, Vanessa, to really talk to policy people in the field? What would you like to see happen from a policy perspective that's not happening, whether it's at a state level or the federal level? How do we move the ball forward?
[00:20:16] Vanessa Perez
So Time for Change foundation, not only do we provide direct services, but we also do advocacy, civic engagement, and we teach our women to be leaders. We teach them how to speak with elected officials and express their personal experiences, as well as introduce bills. And I think having those connections to elected officials and those relationships are one. But I think the implementation and the work on the ground is also just as important as getting the bills passed. And so we see that elected officials have this level of influence. They have them in their local districts. And so I think incorporating that partnership, not only in the process of turning a bill into a law or addressing an issue, creating resolutions, but also continuing to back up the work that we're doing in the implementation process, because it's one thing to change a law, but when municipalities and the people on the ground receive those changes, are they really doing the implementation work to make sure that the said law is actually having an effect on the ground and in the community? And that's where we really need to see that partnership follow through so that way we can ensure that the work that we're doing to get these laws passed, and changed and implemented is not only just one thing being done, it's not just a check box, but it's also okay, now let's see it in action. Let's see it happen, because that's giving us the permission to change. But the work to actually change, it takes a lot more effort, because people don't like change and you have to get used to stuff, right. And so if we can continue to partner together and ensuring that the implementation is being done and that the culture of how we operate and effectively impact our families and our communities is done in a cohesive way, then we can have that impact that we actually desire.
[00:22:08] Bonnie Boswell
Exactly. I think that's really well stated because you need both aspects of this. So Sonya, you have a magic wand, you want some changes, you want some policy initiatives. What's your ask? What are you looking for?
[00:22:20] Sonya Young Aadam
Top of mind for me, on the need for policy makers to help to support prevention efforts in domestic and family and community violence really centers around investing in community defined evidence practices. We call them CDEPs — community defined evidence practices — and it's because I believe that investing in those practices gives us an opportunity to use policy to expand opportunities for communities to look more deeply within their own cultures, their own spaces and their own experiences, so that we are not having to just sort of build across the board or, you know, I call them mainstream policy changes. But this allows community organizations, it allows trusted messengers, it allows for innovations to happen that are culturally defined, that are rooted in our own experiences. And I often like to suggest that in Black communities, you know, especially Black women, we are a tend and befriend kind of people. We look at ourselves, I believe in a more collective advancement. You know, we move together. Group models of care, group models of experiences, I think are very impactful. And so the opportunity for a policy maker to develop legislation that invests more deeply in community practices. And so even in areas of violence prevention and domestic family and community violence, I think it's important for policy makers to invest in community solutions.
[00:24:01] Vanessa Perez
Together, we can continue to not only bring awareness but bring solutions. And that's what we're doing. We're providing solutions that help heal families, make them whole and help them to become thriving. We're breaking generational curses of violence. And so we're doing this together, and it takes a village. And it really is going to continue to need all of us working together to really bring these solutions and end violence for our families and our communities.
[00:24:28] Bonnie Boswell
I want to talk a little bit about what multigenerational prevention looks like. I want to play a clip from a mother who participates in programming with the East L.A. Women's Center with her three children. Here's what she had to say.
[00:24:42] Mother who participates in programming with the East L.A. Women's Center with her three children I've learned coping skills with my kids and how to be more patient with them, try to understand what they're going through as kids and growing into pre-teen and teenage years. I've learned how to deal with myself, and the patience, the breathing techniques they've showed me, the counting techniques to sit back and think and relax before you react to a behavior and to communicate with our kids.
[00:25:14] Vanessa Perez
I would say that this is why families need our help. There are tangible solutions that we can provide to families that are impactful and that actually work. And this mother, she didn't have those skills before. She didn't have those coping skills. But now that she does, she's able to change the trajectory in her lineage to more open conversations and to more therapeutic responses to emotions, to anger, to violence. And in doing so, she's providing a healthy, productive way for her family to grow together. We're providing mothers the opportunity to change the course of their lives and their children's lives. And now children can grow up with the tools that they need, that they don't learn from school, that that are not just originally taught to them, and they're able to use these skills in life and actually be successful.
[00:26:06] Sonya Young Aadam
Is there any more that needs to be said than that? Well, that was very beautiful. That was very beautiful to hear a mother talking about how she feels empowered and how she feels equipped to help support her children in dealing with an issue that has happened in their lives is so powerful, it feels so enriching. And to know that she learned that in a program is what this work is all about. I mean, we are changing lives. We are changing lives for the next generation. And I'm so proud to be a part of this work. It just means everything to me.
[00:26:50] Bonnie Boswell
To find out more about this episode and what actions you can take to help prevent domestic violence and listen to the other episodes in this series, visit letsendDV.org.
[00:00:05] Fundación Blue Shield of California
En la Fundación Blue Shield of California, trabajamos para terminar con la violencia doméstica abordando sus causas principales: el racismo y la inequidad económica y de género. En esta serie especial de pódcasts, exploraremos lo que hacemos en California para poder sanar de la violencia doméstica y prevenirla. Si estás sufriendo violencia doméstica o conoces a alguien en esta situación, puedes encontrar ayuda en thehotline.org o llamar al 800-799-7233. Gracias por escucharnos.
[00:00:45] Bonnie Boswell
Les damos la bienvenida a Terminemos con la violencia doméstica: sanar, recuperarse, prevenir. Soy la reportera Bonnie Boswell. Estaremos conversando con las principales expertas en prevención de la violencia doméstica sobre cómo podemos romper el ciclo y terminar con la violencia doméstica en California. Hoy, en nuestro primer episodio, Romper el ciclo, conversaremos con Sonya Young Aadam, la CEO del California Black Women's Health Project, y Vanessa Perez, directora ejecutiva de la Time for Change Foundation.
[00:01:39] Bonnie Boswell
Muchas gracias a ambas por ser parte de esta conversación tan importante. Quiero arrancar preguntándoles cómo fue que se involucraron en este espacio, cómo empezaron a hacer este trabajo y cuál es su vínculo con esto. Vanessa, tal vez podamos comenzar contigo.
[00:01:54] Vanessa Perez
Hola, claro. Crecí en la ciudad de San Bernardino, en un hogar de bajos ingresos, muy empobrecido, y yo misma sufrí violencia doméstica en aquel momento. Por eso mi idea siempre fue irme de San Bernardino. De casualidad encontré un folleto sobre una pasantía en Time for Change, decidí aplicar y quedé seleccionada. Me enamoré del trabajo que hacíamos y ahora soy la directora ejecutiva. Así que todo comenzó hace 11 años, tan solo como una pasante, y aquí estamos hoy.
[00:02:42] Bonnie Boswell
Muy bien. Muchas gracias. ¿Qué hay de ti, Sonya? ¿Cómo empezaste con esto?
[00:02:46] Sonya Young Aadam
De manera similar a Vanessa, llegué a este trabajo por mi propia experiencia como sobreviviente infantil de violencia doméstica, familiar y comunitaria. También tengo dos hermanos que han sufrido violencia. A medida que crecíamos, solía ver que, en general, siempre parecía haber apoyo para mí, pero había muy poco apoyo y cuidado para ellos. Soy la persona de la familia que siempre dice: «De acuerdo, hablemos de eso de lo que nadie quiere hablar». Ahora que todos tenemos más de 50, lo hablamos con frecuencia y en diferentes espacios por el impacto que tuvo en nuestras vidas. También hablamos continuamente de lo que vemos en nuestra comunidad y en nuestra familia. Sabemos que es una situación que prevalece y es importante para nosotros ser conscientes de cómo hablar con nuestros hijos al respecto y cómo continuar alzando nuestras voces. Así que comencé con este trabajo a partir de mis experiencias.
[00:04:51] Bonnie Boswell
Queremos arrancar conversando acerca de qué es la violencia doméstica, porque cuanto más lo pienso, más explicaciones diferentes encuentro. Quisiera escucharlas a ustedes, como profesionales, ¿cómo la definen o cómo la delimitan? Vanessa, comencemos contigo.
[00:05:08] Vanessa Perez
La violencia doméstica también puede llamarse violencia de pareja. Se puede definir como un patrón en cualquier comportamiento y en cualquier relación que se use para tener o mantener el poder sobre una pareja. No solo se da en relaciones amorosas, sino que puede darse entre familiares también. Entonces, es cualquier abuso, ya sea físico, sexual, emocional, psicológico o económico; pueden ser acciones o amenazas. Todo aquello que pueda influir sobre otra persona. Esencialmente, la violencia doméstica es cualquier forma de abuso que pueda lastimar a otra persona, sea en una relación amorosa o entre miembros de la familia.
[00:05:53] Sonya Young Aadam
¿Sabes qué? No agregaré nada a eso porque creo que está muy bien explicado, Vanessa, pero también creo que nos esforzamos mucho por definirlo y, sin embargo, existen demasiadas complejidades. Incluso en la forma en que la describió. Podríamos hilar más y más fino en cada oración que dijo. Creo que es mejor dejarlo aquí y continuar asegurándonos de que vemos a la violencia como un abuso.
[00:06:20] Bonnie Boswell
Exactamente. Sí. Yo misma he estado pensando mucho en eso desde que empecé a analizar este tema, y pensaba en los abusos verbales que son «sutiles» pero no tan sutiles. Y el mensaje que recibimos, en cierto modo, como mujeres, pero que los hombres también sufren como consecuencia de eso. Tenemos todas estas diferentes variables que realmente afectan la manera en que pensamos sobre nosotras mismas, antes que nada, y sobre otras personas.
[00:06:44] Sonya Young Aadam
Hay una cosa que creo que añadiría, Bonnie, porque hablamos del abuso y del poder, pero creo que no hablamos del miedo. Existe la presencia del miedo, la ansiedad y el estrés cuando estamos en una relación, y hay niveles de miedo, estrés, ansiedad e inseguridad que aparecen con la presencia de alguien más y creo que son una forma de violencia, de violencia doméstica.
[00:07:16] Bonnie Boswell
Sí, entiendo lo que dices. De nuevo, el enfoque intergeneracional que las personas están comenzando a tomar y aprender, y teniéndolas a ustedes con sus experiencias personales, lo que significan y cómo pueden hablar al respecto con sus familias es muy... No lo sé, trato de pensar cómo se inicia ese proceso siquiera porque creo que, probablemente, debe haber mucha autocensura si estás en una familia en la que ocurren actos abusivos. Tal vez no quieras causar problemas. Es decir, ¿qué tan a menudo surge esto en la conversación intergeneracional? ¿Cómo podemos sentir seguridad para hablar al respecto?
[00:07:51] Sonya Young Aadam
En un ambiente familiar, o incluso en el de una relación de pareja, se pueden ver las condiciones históricas y contemporáneas que impactan en lo que pasa en nuestras relaciones. Seré más específica: en las comunidades negras de todo el país y en California, y a veces me refiero, en particular, a las comunidades negras urbanas, se pueden ver las desigualdades históricas de larga data en muchos problemas. Es como si pudiéramos apilarlos todos. Y los desafíos y experiencias de violencia personal en nuestras comunidades están conectados, están entrelazados con todos los otros desafíos: los económicos, los de vivienda y las experiencias con la policía. Y terminan teniendo origen en el racismo estructural y sistémico. Es como si no pudieras separarlos. La Dra. Andrea Welsing, quien dirige la Oficina de Prevención de la Violencia del condado de Los Ángeles, dio una presentación, hace casi diez años, y esa fue la primera vez que escuché a alguien decir que la violencia es una crisis de salud pública. De alguna forma, sentí que el Departamento de Salud Pública hablaba más que nada de violencia comunitaria, y que se trataba de violencia en las calles, violencia con armas, etcétera. Pero después de escucharla a lo largo de los años, entendí que también se incluye la violencia doméstica y familiar. En nuestras comunidades negras, la intersección entre estas tres tiene raíces en la historia de nuestra presencia en este país. Llegamos hace 400 años y sufrimos violencia. Tenemos años de experiencia habiendo sido esclavizados y habiendo pasado por ese nivel de violencia, incluso luego de la esclavitud. Esas condiciones generan dolor y angustia en una sociedad. Hay presiones y estresores que causan una especie de explosión en nuestros corazones, nuestras mentes y nuestras almas. Es obvio que estar en una situación de presión tiende a resultar en algo explosivo. Entonces, miro en retrospectiva las cosas que nos trajeron a este lugar y pienso qué podríamos cambiar ahora. No son solo las políticas y las intervenciones relacionadas con la violencia en sí misma, es la necesidad de una innumerable cantidad de cambios, intervenciones, inversiones y cuidados para las comunidades. Experimenté la violencia de niña en mi familia y la vi a través de nuestras generaciones. La vi en mis padres e incluso en mis abuelos. Vi a mujeres como perpetradoras y vi a hombres en mi familia como perpetradores. Vi violencia entre hermanos y entre primos. La vi en tantas facetas que creo que eso hizo que me diera cuenta de que estos cruces que ocurren no son tan fáciles de distinguir ni de separar como tal vez podría hacerse en una sociedad más tradicional. Entonces, creo que los enfoques intergeneracionales son completamente necesarios, en particular en las comunidades negras, porque no puedes separar esa violencia que ocurre a lo largo de la vida.
[00:11:34] Bonnie Boswell
Por supuesto. Vanessa, ¿qué hay de ti? ¿Qué opinas de esta idea de un enfoque intergeneracional? ¿Es tanto un problema de equidad en salud como un problema de salud pública? ¿Nos quieres contar?
[00:11:43] Vanessa Perez
Por supuesto. Cuando observamos a las comunidades negras, tenemos a nuestras madres que nos enseñan lo que a su vez les enseñaron nuestras abuelas y así sucesivamente: lo que sucede en casa, se queda en casa; no le incumbe a nadie más y no se puede hablar del tema. Así, nuestras abuelas les dicen a nuestras madres que esta es nuestra familia, que estos son nuestros esposos, o quienes sean, y que tenemos que quedarnos con ellos y darlo todo y no contarle a nadie más lo que ocurre. Por eso es importante generar un espacio seguro fuera de cada hogar donde las mujeres sientan que pueden venir y hablar al respecto sin temer por sus vidas, sin miedo de sufrir represalias o más abusos, no solo ellas, sino sus hijos también. Habiendo crecido en ese ambiente, puedo decir que tanto yo, que era muy pequeña, como mis hermanos lo vivimos de maneras diferentes. Nos afectó a todos de distintas formas. Si bien ahora puedo alzar mi voz, en aquel momento sentí mucho miedo. Recuerdo a mi madre diciendo: «Solo quédate callada, no digas nada», porque pensaba que, si yo me quedaba callada, él no me haría daño. Por eso creo que es importante generar un espacio seguro donde las mujeres puedan abrirse y escuchar a otras mujeres negras contar sus experiencias. Con el espíritu de unirnos y romper esta idea de que debemos mantenernos calladas y no decir nada solo porque, como todas lo hemos vivido, es normal y los hombres simplemente son así, sin importar lo que hayan dicho. Por eso, cuando podamos romper esta idea de que es normal, que nos pasa a todas y que no debemos involucrar a nadie, recién allí podremos romper el ciclo para que esto no les pase a nuestros hijos. Hoy en día, vemos cada vez más niños con problemas de salud mental, casos de depresión y suicidios. Por eso la forma en la que la violencia doméstica puede haber afectado a mi generación será diferente para la próxima generación. Creo que es maravilloso que ahora nos sintamos más cómodas y más abiertas para hablar de la violencia doméstica, la violencia en general y el abuso de manera integral por haber escuchado las experiencias de las mujeres que ayudamos e incluso las mías. También se nos enseña que nosotras no necesitamos hacer terapia, que no necesitamos ir con un terapeuta o un psicólogo porque, si lo hacemos, eso significa que tenemos problemas graves de salud mental. Eso no es así. De hecho, tratarse con un terapeuta o un psicólogo hace muy bien, es saludable, y nos ayuda a sobrellevar la situación y a sanar. Sin embargo, en las comunidades negras, no lo vivimos de esa forma. Si tienes que ir a terapia, significa que tienes problemas. Por eso es importante que compartamos esto y que digamos que está bien ir a terapia y que la terapia es genial y que luego esa información llegue a nuestros hijos. No solo ayudamos a las mamás a ir, sino también a sus hijos, para que hagan terapia por separado, pero también juntos, como familia. Ya que otra cosa que las familias no hacen es hablar de sus problemas. En mi familia, cuando yo era pequeña, si había una pelea o un incidente, dejábamos que pasara y, al día siguiente, nadie hablaba de lo ocurrido. Lo barríamos bajo la alfombra y seguíamos adelante. Así, los traumas se hacen cada vez más grandes y, cuando eres adulto, no sabes cómo lidiar con los conflictos, no puedes hablar por ti mismo y no sabes cómo vivir tu propia vida. Todo porque aún experimentas los traumas de tu pasado.
[00:15:19] Bonnie Boswell
Quiero ir a lo específico porque todo esto es muy importante. En sus diferentes líneas de trabajo, ¿cómo ayudan a una familia? Por ejemplo, a una mujer, ¿cómo le dan esa sensación de seguridad? ¿Cómo traen a otras familias a este proceso? ¿Quién lo inicia? ¿Cuándo ocurre? ¿Cómo se crea realmente ese espacio seguro? Sonya, ¿te gustaría empezar con esto?
[00:15:44] Sonya Young Aadam
Claro. En el California Black Women's Health Project, nuestro trabajo se basa en un modelo de compromiso en círculos de hermanas. Los círculos de hermanas son una práctica basada en la evidencia y los usamos como práctica definida por la comunidad para unir a mujeres negras. Las invitamos a hablar, transitar, sanar, compartir, cuidarse y abordar las situaciones que están atravesando o que atravesaron en sus vidas y que les dejaron traumas. En especial en aquellos casos en los que hay violencia personal, abrimos espacios seguros para que nuestras hermanas se reúnan y aborden estos problemas, y que lo hagan no solo por la vivencia, sino desde una perspectiva de apoyo, desde un lugar en el que analicemos cómo podemos ser activistas y promotoras de la prevención de este tipo de experiencias en nuestra comunidad y qué es lo que pudimos hacer. Participé en un programa similar llamado Reimagine Lab, donde pude trabajar con otras personas para empezar a pensar formas nuevas e innovadoras de abordar la violencia en nuestra comunidad. Siempre, como les he dicho, pienso en mis hermanos y el poco apoyo que tuvieron en la vida. Comencé a pensar de verdad en la comunidad negra: allí, no podemos abordar la violencia doméstica desde la perspectiva femenina únicamente. En nuestra comunidad, este tipo de violencia es muy compleja y tenemos datos que nos muestran que las mujeres negras sufren de violencia en la pareja desproporcionadamente, pero que los hombres negros también sufren de violencia en la pareja desproporcionadamente. Entonces, tuve la oportunidad de trabajar con un grupo de colegas, investigar a fondo y analizar cómo se vería un enfoque innovador. Este enfoque empezó a centrarse en las experiencias de hombres y niños negros en la violencia en la pareja. Como una organización de mujeres, de mujeres negras, no podríamos hacer esto sin nuestros hombres. Estamos tan conectados por estas experiencias que la única forma de abordarlas es haciéndolo juntos. Por eso creamos un programa y creamos círculos de hermanos, como nuestros círculos de hermanas, que los hombres nos han pedido por décadas, mientras nos preguntaban: «¿Y qué hay de los hermanos? ¿Cuándo tendremos nuestro círculo?». Nosotras solo nos sentamos como espectadoras, pero hemos visto que los círculos de los hombres negros son muy similares, y ellos también vienen a hablar, transitar, sanar, compartir y cuidarse, todo a partir de las experiencias con la violencia que han tenido en la vida. He visto transformaciones increíbles, y los resultados han sido hombres y jóvenes que han estado en estos círculos teniendo diálogos abiertos con su familia, sus amigos y sus círculos cercanos. Esto de verdad nos muestra que vamos a cambiar la narrativa. Capacitar a los hombres y niños negros para que sean activistas y promotores de la prevención de la violencia, desde mi punto de vista, es innovador. Es, incluso, revolucionario. Vemos que los hombres y niños negros comienzan a alzar sus voces. Lo vemos porque invertimos en lugares y espacios donde los hombres y niños negros ya se están uniendo. Pueden ser deportes, fraternidades, barberías, grupos de cowboys. Cualquier lugar o espacio en donde los hombres negros ya se encuentren involucrados activamente. Así, priorizamos la prevención de la violencia y damos lugar a conversaciones reales, honestas y desde el corazón sobre sus propias experiencias. En verdad, el 90 % de ellos dice no haber hablado sobre esto nunca antes.
[00:20:00] Bonnie Boswell
Claro, sí. Entonces, ¿cómo seguimos, Vanessa? ¿Cómo hacemos para hablar con las personas que hacen las políticas en la práctica? ¿Qué te gustaría que ocurriera en cuanto a las políticas, sea a nivel estatal o nacional, que no esté ocurriendo actualmente? ¿Cómo avanzamos?
[00:20:16] Vanessa Perez
En la Time for Change Foundation, no solo proveemos servicios directos, sino que también hacemos promoción, generamos compromiso cívico y enseñamos a las mujeres a que tengan un rol de liderazgo. Les enseñamos a hablar con los funcionarios electos y a contarles sus experiencias personales, así como también a proponer proyectos de ley. Creo que tener este tipo de contacto y relación con los funcionarios a cargo es una de las cosas. Sin embargo, pienso que la implementación y el trabajo en la práctica es tan importante como lograr que se aprueben los proyectos de ley. Vemos que los funcionarios electos tienen este nivel de influencia. La tienen en sus distritos locales. Por eso digo: incorporar esa colaboración, no solo para lograr que los proyectos de ley se aprueben, abordar un problema en específico o crear resoluciones, sino también para continuar apoyando el trabajo que hacemos en la implementación de procesos. Porque una cosa es cambiar una ley, pero cuando las municipalidades y los trabajadores reciben estos cambios, ¿están haciendo el trabajo de asegurarse de que la ley esté aplicándose correctamente en las calles y las comunidades? Allí es donde necesitamos que funcione la colaboración, para asegurarnos de que el esfuerzo que ponemos para que se aprueben, modifiquen e implementen las leyes no sea solo un ítem que se tacha de la lista de tareas, sino que las veamos funcionando, que las veamos plasmadas en la realidad, porque eso nos da el permiso de cambiar. Sin embargo, el trabajo de cambiar de verdad lleva mucho más esfuerzo, porque a la gente no le gusta el cambio, tienen que adaptarse. Si continuamos colaborando juntos y asegurándonos de que la implementación se está llevando a cabo y que la cultura de cómo operamos e impactamos eficientemente en nuestras familias y comunidades se está poniendo en práctica de forma cohesiva, entonces tendremos el impacto que buscamos.
[00:22:08] Bonnie Boswell
Exactamente. Creo que eso está muy bien dicho, porque se necesitan los dos aspectos. Sonya, tienes una varita mágica. Quieres ver cambios y quieres nuevas iniciativas de políticas, ¿qué pides?, ¿qué buscas?
[00:22:20] Sonya Young Aadam
Lo primero que se me ocurre con respecto a la necesidad de tener legisladores que ayuden a apoyar los esfuerzos de prevención de violencia doméstica, familiar y comunitaria se centra en invertir en las prácticas basadas en la evidencia definidas por la comunidad. Las llamamos CDEP (en inglés, community defined evidence practices). Creo que invertir en estas prácticas nos permite usar las políticas para generar más oportunidades para que las comunidades exploren con mayor profundidad dentro de sus propias culturas, sus propios espacios y sus propias experiencias. Así, no tenemos que crear políticas generales o, como yo les digo, cambios generalizados en las políticas. Esto permite que haya organizaciones comunitarias, mensajeros de confianza y que tengan lugar innovaciones culturalmente definidas enraizadas en nuestras experiencias. Muchas veces me gusta decir que las comunidades negras, en especial las mujeres negras, somos protectoras y amistosas, que nos vemos a nosotras mismas en un avance más bien colectivo. Avanzamos juntas. Creo que los modelos de grupos de cuidado y de experiencias tienen un gran impacto y les dan la oportunidad a los legisladores de elaborar leyes a partir de las cuales se invierta más en las prácticas comunitarias. Entonces, en las áreas de prevención de violencia doméstica, familiar y comunitaria, creo que es importante que quienes crean las políticas inviertan en estas soluciones comunitarias.
[00:24:01] Vanessa Perez
Juntos, podemos continuar generando consciencia y creando soluciones. Eso es lo que estamos haciendo: brindamos soluciones para ayudar a familias a sanar, recomponerse y prosperar. Estamos terminando con las maldiciones generacionales de la violencia. Lo hacemos juntos y se necesita mucha gente. Seguirá siendo necesario que todos nosotros trabajemos en conjunto para crear soluciones y terminar con la violencia por nuestras familias y nuestras comunidades.
[00:24:28] Bonnie Boswell
Quiero hablar un poco de cómo se ve la prevención multigeneracional. Quiero mostrarles un fragmento de un video de una madre que participa de los programas del Centro para Mujeres del Este de Los Ángeles con sus tres hijos. Esto es lo que tenía para decirnos.
[00:24:42] Madre que participa de los programas del Centro para Mujeres del Este de Los Ángeles con sus tres hijos.
Aprendí técnicas para manejar las crisis con mis hijos y para ser más paciente con ellos, intentar entender por lo que están pasando como niños y a medida que se convierten en preadolescentes y adolescentes. Aprendí a tratar conmigo misma, a cultivar la paciencia y a realizar algunas técnicas de respiración que me enseñaron. Las técnicas para contar: sentarnos, pensar y relajarnos antes de reaccionar ante un comportamiento. Nos enseñaron cómo comunicarnos con nuestros hijos.
[00:25:14] Vanessa Perez
Diría que este es el motivo por el cual las familias necesitan nuestra ayuda. Hay soluciones tangibles que podemos brindarles a las familias que tienen un impacto y que de verdad funcionan. Esta madre no tenía estas técnicas antes. No contaba con estas técnicas para manejar las crisis. Ahora que las tiene, puede cambiar la trayectoria de sus hijos para que tengan una comunicación más abierta y reacciones más terapéuticas a sus emociones, al enojo, a la violencia. Al hacerlo, está ofreciendo una forma productiva y saludable para que su familia crezca unida. Le brindamos a las madres la oportunidad de cambiar el curso de sus vidas y las de sus hijos. Hoy los niños pueden crecer con las herramientas que necesitan, que no se aprenden en la escuela, que no se les solían enseñar, y ahora son capaces de usarlas en la vida y de tener éxito.
[00:26:06] Sonya Young Aadam
¿Hay algo más que haya que agregar? La verdad que fue hermoso. Fue muy hermoso. Escuchar a una madre hablar de cómo se siente empoderada, cómo se siente capacitada para ayudar y apoyar a sus hijos cuando tienen un problema en sus vidas es tan poderoso, se siente tan enriquecedor. Saber que aprendió todo esto en un programa es lo que hace que nuestro trabajo valga la pena. Estamos cambiando vidas. Estamos cambiando las vidas de la próxima generación. Estoy orgullosa de ser parte de este trabajo. Es todo para mí.
[00:26:50] Bonnie Boswell
Para saber más sobre este episodio, enterarte qué puedes hacer para ayudar a prevenir la violencia doméstica y escuchar otros episodios de la serie, visita letsendDV.org.